READINGS for 1-2 October 2026 Program
Basic Readings
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Lightning - Does It Go Down or Up?, W. Lyons, Weatherwise 2016
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Global Lightning Fatalities, R.L. Holle, Weather Climate and Society, 2016
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Lightning strikes kill thousands globally each year, but for those who survive, the storm is far from over, The Conversation - about D.L. Zhang's work
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Empowering Africa: Advancing Lightning Safety and Research Initiatives, D. Zhang, M.A. Cooper, R.L. Holle, BUlletin of the American Meteorological Society
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Disability, Not Death, is the Problem, M.A. Cooper, 2001, National Weather Digest
For more extensive details on the medical effects, see chapter 3 in book below. -
Keraunoparalysis and burning thatch: A proposed explanation for severe lightning injuries reported in developing countries, D.E. Villamil, N. Navarrete, M.A. Cooper, Electric Power Systems Research, 2020
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So You Think You Know Lightning, R.L. Holle, D. Zhang, Vaisala
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Chapter 17 from Book below --
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Reducing Lightning Casualties Worldwide, M.A. Cooper, R.L. Holle, Saunders, 2017Book - We do not expect you to read the entire book, but we make it available (FREE) for you to take your pick of chapters that interest you
Advanced Reading - optional --
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Lightning and Thunderstorms over the Lake Victoria Basin
Prolific Lightning and Thunderstorm Initiation over the Lake Victoria Basin in East Africa, K.S. Virts, S.J. Goodman, Monthly Weather Review, AMS, 2020
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Lightning Detection - Thunder Hours
Thunder Hours - How Old Methods Offer New Insights into Thunderstorm Climatology, E.A. DiGangi, M. Stock, J. Lapierre, Bulletin of the American Meteorololgical Society, 2022 ----- Explanation: Before lightning detection technologies were developed, thunderstorms and lightning occurrence were measured in the number of hours thunder was heard in designated observation areas.
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Lightning Detection - the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN)
Highlights of a New Ground-Based, Hourly Global Lightning Climatology, K.S. Virts, J. M. Wallace et al, AMS, 2013
USEFUL WEBSITES
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US site with detailed information on safety, injury prevention, and detals for each death from lightning that has been reported in the US since 2001
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This site is packed with videos and animations about how lightning forms, mechanisms of injury, curricula for all ages, media resources, teacher resources, downloadable posters, and LOTS more. We can modify nearly ALL of these to the African scene because John Jensenius, one of our speakers, and our NLSC team developed the original materials.
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1. To change colors: click 'up' arrow in the box on the bottom right -- when box expands, choose 'Color Scale Rainbow' in first box
2. To rotate and move the globe: put cursor on the globe and move around with left button depressed
3. To enlarge map: go to upper right and click +. Try to find your home district.
4. Have fun!
